Transcendental idealism and empirical realism: a semantic interpretation of the problem of the cognizability of external objects

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to show thetranscendental idealism (and empirical realism) as transcendental semantics, which allows us to solve cognitive problems in science and to decide on philosophical problems through new arguments and textual documents of Kantian philosophy. To this goal, wewill show that the fundamental question that appears throughout the course of the Kantian work is the question of the possibility of synthetic propositions. This question calls for the development of an answer that essentially concerns not only its necessity and logical possibility, but also its feasibility, and which will show its peculiarities in each case. Specifically, in the first criticism, the conditions or ingredients of judgment allow us to distinguish between phenomena as objects of knowledge andthings in themselves. Thus transcendental idealism is defined, in the narrow sense, in the critique of pure reason, basically, by the way of interpreting the role of sensibility in relation to the categories and constitution of the objects of knowledge. This philosophical position allows Kant to propose a field of meaning in which to formulate and solve valid cognitive problems and, therefore, to solve the problems that reason itself imposes, as well as to refute the (material) idealism, both problematic and dogmatic. Thus we will prove that the problem of know objectsis solved in Kant in decidedly semantic terms.