THE ONTOTHEOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF METAPHYSICS AND THE ARISTOTELIAN THEORY OF SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO HEIDEGGER’S LESSON

Abstract

: The text is divided into three parts: the first is a quick and partial presentation of the Aristotelian theory of substance, focusing mainly on the problem posed by the double determination of the object of first philosophy, which is said to be both being as being and immaterial and immovable substance. The second part deals with how the difficulty involved in this duality of the object of first philosophy gave rise to variations in the way of reconciling this dual status of first philosophy in late Hellenism and the Middle Ages, variations in which the appeal to the Platonic concept is constant and central. The third part is a brief presentation of Heidegger's argument that this duality historically determines the ontotheological character of metaphysics and thus the process of entification of being. This process has led to the increasingly radicalized treatment of everything that exists as an innumerable series of objects subject to manipulation, control and exploitation, the overall figure of which, however, carries with it the warning that there must be another way of looking at what exists. This is the so-called other beginning, to the meditation of which Heidegger devoted his work from the 1930s onwards.   Keywords: Heiddegger; Aristotle; Ontotheology; Being; Substance.